“What twenty years is nothing,” said tango Returnwhich Carlos Gardel popularized. However, in matters of the language, in two decades there are words that are born, others die and there are also those that modify their meaning, which generates indecisions among Spanish speakers when writing or pronouncing them: do you have to write delicatessen With two eses or with one? Because to solve this kind of issues, the new edition of the Pan -Hispanic Dictionary of doubts (DPD), expanded and updated with respect to the previous one, which was launched in 2005. This work, edited by Taurus, is sponsored by the Royal Spanish Academy (RAE) and the Association of Academies of the Spanish Language (Asale), which brings together the 23 Spanish corporations in the world.
The first edition of the DPD “sold well and had an impact, in addition to being also the first Pan -Hispanic academic work,” said the member of the SAR and director of the work, Salvador Gutiérrez Ordóñez, during the presentation of the dictionary this Thursday in Madrid, at the headquarters of the SAR. We will still have to wait for everything to be collected on the website of this dictionary.
In this edition there are about 7,000 entries, of which 370 are new, and of these, 362 are neologisms and foreigners. “In addition, the American voice of Spanish is given more presence,” said the director of the SAR, Santiago Muñoz Machado, who has summarized the history of the DPD. “For the first edition, work began in 1998, a record of the most common doubts that were raised to the academies were established, the media -style books were used and the work came out in November 2005.” In November 2019, during the Congress of the Asale held in Seville, “it was agreed to make a second edition,” he added.
The doubts that are resolved are phonographic nature (pronunciation, accentuation, punctuation, spellings), morphological (plural, female, conjugation), syntactic (construction problems, concordance, leis, dequeism) or lexics of myxical (lexical impression, censurable semantic traces, neologisms or foreigners), according to the RAE.
For example, there are those who confuse the eager word with Hégira. The first means “protection or amparo” and not “mandate”, a use that, however, has been documented. Nor can it be used with the sense of “escape or exile”, because for that is the word Hégira, emerged to designate the escape of Muhammad of Mecca to Medina in the year 622.
He bullying It is a misfortune that sometimes happens in classrooms. However, academies have found that the expression in Spanish “bullying” is being imposed on this anglicism. The aforementioned delicatessen “It is used more with that that”, but the graphic adaptation proposed by the dictionary for this English voice of German origin, which means exquisite, is that it is written with one that.
If we continue with delights, the brownie, Chocolate cake, you can write as we pronounce it, Brauni, without fear of being taken by ignorant. It is the DPD proposal because that spelling reflects the pronunciation of the original word, which is the same as Spanish, and not of other languages. Without leaving the sweets, there are those who say Cup To call the puff pastry in the form of a crescent known as Cruasán, French adaptation croissant. Well, it is not correct. There is, yes, a “minority and advisable” use, Croasán.
From Latin to Latin. The word quorum It is written in italics. However, academics indicate that you can also write quorum, in round, to designate the “number of individuals necessary for a deliberative body to take certain agreements.” Lobi is also proposed by Lobby O camp by Camping, but, as Salvador Ordóñez has stressed, “what the DPD says does not have to succeed.” Likewise, he has indicated that in the words finished in consonant plus and final Greek, such as body o ferry, use is generalized with I Latin: BODI, con su plural, Bodis; the ferri.
“Foreigners are a constant that cannot be stopped, this dictionary indicates is whether its use is justified or not,” added Gutiérrez Ordóñez. “Foreigners usually appear first in scientific publications and in the press, then there is a long stage, the academic, in which it is seen if it has established itself as a common use to add it or not to the Spanish Language Dictionary “. The academic recalled that “the Spanish language is multicentric, there are different educated norms because there is talk in more than 20 countries, although with a common base.”
The DPD also deals with doubts with toponyms and gentilicios, especially those that come from non -Latin languages. Gutiérrez Ordóñez has talked about the place name of the Brazilian city of Rio de Janeir Yanéiro river.
A quantitative difference with respect to the first edition is that this time they are cited in the examples of the terms collected “3,260 works and 399 periodic publications from all the territories where Spanish is spoken, including the Philippines and Equatorial Guinea”. This means that 1,661 works and 237 periodic publications have been cited more than in 2005.
The head of the Spanish Department to the day of the SAR (created in 1998), Elena Hernández Gómez, has commented on other changes on the previous DPD that illustrates the evolution of the language. In the first edition it was admitted that script was written with Tilde, but now it is necessary that it should only be done without it. Or the word bizarre, of which it was warned in 2005 that it was incorrect to use it with the sense of rare or extravagant. Twenty years later this is already frequent.
Different is what happened with the master’s plural: it is said that it can be “more frequent” masters, or masters. The academics thought of the 2005 edition that the first would displace the second, but it has not been so. Another novelty is that in some countries the word yoga has been recorded as feminine, which did not happen before. On the other hand, it is proposed to use Espá per SPA, for this type of hydrotherapy establishments. “We do not invent, everything is documented and we encourage Spanish speakers to use these terms that do not separate the spelling from pronunciation,” said Hernández Gómez, which has ended with a peculiar case, the word Braille, which designates the tactile writing and reading system for blind. In Spain it is usually pronounced boilingbut in America Broadle. Academics recommend, once again, “accommodate in use spelling and pronunciation.” With what we are facing two different pronunciations. But, as always, Spanish speakers will have the last word.